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By The Numbers |
As per reports from IAMAI and IMRB International, by December 2007 India had a total of 46 Million Internet Users, out of which the number of Active Internet Users stands at 32 Million.
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Exams alert |
| All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) will conduct its entrance examination on 6th July 2008 for M.Sc Courses and on 12th July, 2008 for Medical Biotechnology courses. |
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Thus Spake |
Efforts and courage are not enough without purpose and direction . |
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- John F. Kennedy
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Did you know |
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The Vatican City is the smallest state in Europe despite being in the centre of Rome, Italy....
Europe has many large cities including London but Paris is the largest....
Russia is the largest country in Europe.
Many countries have adopted the Euro currency, however the UK still use the British pound. ......
Designed by Electronics Corporation of India Ltd. and Bharat Electronics Ltd....
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Virtual Learning |
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A Virtual learning environment (VLE) is a software system designed to support teaching and learning in an educational setting, as distinct from a Managed Learning Environment (MLE) where the focus is on management. A VLE will normally work over the Internet and provide a collection of tools such as those for assessment (particularly of types that can be marked automatically, such as multiple choice) |
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Smile Please..! |
Lion & Gorilla |
An unemployed guy got a new job at the zoo. They offered him to dress up in a gorilla's skin and pretend to be a gorilla so people will keep coming to the zoo.
On his first day on the job, the guy puts on the skin and goes into the cage. The people all cheer to see him. He starts really putting on a show, jumping around, beating his chest and roaring.
During one acrobatic attempt, though, he loses his balance and crashes through some safety netting, landing square in the middle of the lion cage! As he lies there stunned, the lion roars. He's terrified and starts screaming "Help, Help!"
The lion races over to him, places his paws on his chest and hisses, "Shut up or we'll both lose our jobs!"
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Flying without a parachute
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A man jumps out of an airplane with a parachute on his back. As he's falling, he realizes his parachute is broken. He doesn't know anything about parachutes, but as the earth rapidly approaches, he realizes his options are limited; he takes off the parachute and tries to fix it himself on the way down. The wind is ripping past his face, he's dropping like a rock, and at 5000 feet, and another man goes shooting up past him. In desperation, the man with the parachute looks up and yells, "Hey do you know anything about parachutes?!"
The guy flying up looks down and yells, "No, do you know anything about gas stoves?!"
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From The Editors Desk |
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Heartiest Greetings!
In this issue of Youniverse, we have presented an Article on “Virtual Learning“, which provides an overview of Virtual Learning Environments and discusses about their advantages and disadvantages for any educational enterprise.
More >>
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Complex Simplicities |
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Digital Rights Management
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Digital Rights Management (DRM) is an umbrella term that refers to access control technologies used by publishers and copyright holders to limit usage of digital media or devices. It may also refer to restrictions associated with specific instances of digital works or devices. DRM overlaps with software copy protection to some extent; however the term "DRM" is usually applied to creative media (music, films, etc.) whereas the term "copy protection" tends to refer to copy protection mechanisms in computer software.
Digital rights management has and is being used by content provider companies such as Sony, Apple Inc., Microsoft and the BBC.
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Intellectual property |
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Intellectual property (IP) is a legal field that refers to creations of the mind such as musical, literary, and artistic works; inventions; and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce, including copyrights, trademarks, patents, and related rights. Under intellectual property law, the holder of one of these abstract "properties" has certain exclusive rights to the creative work, commercial symbol, or invention which is covered by it.
Intellectual property is divided into two categories: Industrial property, which includes inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial designs, and geographic indications of source.
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Did you know |
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The Vatican City is the smallest state in Europe despite being in the centre of Rome, Italy. The population is under 1000! |
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Europe has many large cities including London but Paris is the largest with over 10 million populations. |
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Russia is the largest country in Europe. |
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Many countries have adopted the Euro currency, however the UK still use the British pound. Former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee's mother and father share the same name- Krishna, His father's name is Krishna Bihari Vajpayee and mother's name is Krishna Devi. |
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Designed by Electronics Corporation of India Ltd. and Bharat Electronics Ltd, Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) were first used in Kerala. The highest number of candidates that an electronic voting machine can support is 64. If the number exceeds this, then manual ballot is used! |
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Mayawati’s BSP and George W Bush’s Republican Party both have the same electoral symbol-the elephant! |
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A B Vajpayee is the only parliamentarian to be elected from four different states- UP, Gujarat, MP and Delhi. |
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Tea is said to have been discovered in 2737 BC by a Chinese emperor when some tea leaves accidentally blew into a pot of boiling water. The tea bag was introduced in 1908 by Thomas Sullivan of New York. |
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The system of democracy was introduced 2 500 years ago in Athens, Greece. The oldest existing governing body operates in Althing in Iceland. It was established in 930 AD. |
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Starch is used as a binder in the production of paper. It is the use of a starch coating that controls ink penetration when printing. Cheaper papers do not use as much starch, and this is why your elbows get black when you are leaning over your morning paper. |
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Virtual Learning |
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A Virtual learning environment (VLE) is a software system designed to support teaching and learning in an educational setting, as distinct from a Managed Learning Environment (MLE) where the focus is on management. A VLE will normally work over the Internet and provide a collection of tools such as those for assessment (particularly of types that can be marked automatically, such as multiple choice), communication, uploading of content, return of students' work, peer assessment, administration of student groups, collecting and organizing student grades, questionnaires, tracking tools, etc. New features in these systems include wikis, blogs and RSS.
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While originally created for distance education, VLEs are now most often used to supplement the face-to-face classroom, commonly known as Blended Learning. These systems usually run on servers, to serve the course to students Multimedia and / or web pages.
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"Learning is breaking out of the narrow boxes that it was trapped in during the 20th century; teachers' professionalism, reflection and ingenuity is leading learning to places that genuinely excite this new generation of connected young school students - and their teachers too. Virtual Learning Environment is helping to make sure that their learning is not confined to a particular building, or restricted to any single location or moment". |
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Popularity: Open University Support System |
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Universities and other institutions of higher education are increasingly turning to VLEs in order to: |
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Economize on the time of teaching staff, especially when they are also involved in research and administration. The extent of the economy over traditional "talk-and-chalk" teaching is not yet clear, but for instructors without web development expertise, using a VLE absorbs less time and produces a more professional result |
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Provide a service for students who are increasingly looking to the internet as the natural medium for finding information and resources |
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Ensure that quality control requirements are met by providing a standard vehicle for collecting the required information |
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Facilitate the integration of distance and campus-based learning on different campuses |
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Transferring course content |
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Most Virtual Learning Environment support Shareable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) as a standard way to upload, launch and track courses. There are no commonly used standards that define how the learner's performance within a course should be transferred from one Virtual Learning Environment to another. |
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Many VLEs are placed on a web server. In a typical VLE there are one or more programs or languages that provides the user (Teacher-Student) interface, and which interacts with a database. |
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There are a number of basic tools that feature in web-based e-learning: |
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Teaching materials- for example reading lists, module notes, handouts; also multimedia content such as audio or video |
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Communication tools– for example e-mail, newsgroups, mailing lists and Bulletin/ discussion boards |
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Assessment tools– for example electronic submission of assignments, self-tests, assessed tests such as multiple choice, image-matching. |
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Shared work group areas – for students to upload and share files |
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Student support – for example course information, communication with tutors, FAQs |
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Student tools – for example student web pages, diaries and calendars |
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Management and tracking of students – for example password protected areas, logging of student usage of VLE |
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Standard interface – customizable to a certain extent by the educational institution and by individual students |
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Navigational structure to support the structured delivery of information. |
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Communication technologies used in Virtual Learning
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Communication technologies are generally categorized as asynchronous or synchronous. Asynchronous activities use technologies such as blogs, wikis, and discussion boards. The idea here is that participants may engage in the exchange of ideas or information without the dependency of other participants’ involvement at the same time. Electronic mail (Email) is also asynchronous in that mail can be sent or received without having both the participants’ involvement at the same time. |
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Synchronous activities involve the exchange of ideas and information with one or more participants during the same period of time. A face to face discussion is an example of synchronous communications. Synchronous activities occur with all participants joining in at once, as with an online chat session or a virtual classroom or meeting. |
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Virtual classrooms and meetings can often use a mix of communication technologies. |
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In many models, the writing community and the communication channels relate with the Virtual Learning communities. Communities provide a general overview of the basic learning models and the activities required for the participants to join the learning sessions across the virtual classroom or even across standard classrooms enabled by technology. Many activities, essential for the learners in these environments, require frequent chat sessions in the form of virtual classrooms and /or blog meetings. |
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Advantages of Virtual Learning Environment are: |
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Learning can be delivered at anytime to almost any IT accessible place . |
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Learning materials can take a variety of forms. eg Text, Graphics, Audio, Video. |
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Learning materials can be updated easily. |
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Student to student & Student to Tutor interaction can be stimulated. |
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Problem based learning can be easily incorporated and automated responsive feedback can be provided. |
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Virtual learning Environment can account for a learner centered delivery strategy that can take into account different learning styles. |
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Disadvantages of Virtual Learning Environment are: |
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Offcampus access can be slow and expensive. |
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A Virtual Learning Environment can become a “ dumping ground” for materials not designed for online delivery. |
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Learning materials can become outdated. |
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Online Support must be planned carefully to avoid tutor overload. |
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Both tutors and students may need training on the administration and running of the Virtual Learning environment. |
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| Future of Virtual Learning |
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| Virtual Learning lessons are generally designed to guide students through information or to help students perform in specific tasks. Information based e-Learning content communicates information to the student. Examples include content that distributes the history or facts related to a service, company, or product. In information-based content, there is no specific skill to be learned. In performance-based content, the lessons build off of a procedural skill in which the student is expected to increase proficiency. |
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| The advantages offered by Virtual Learning Environments for any Educational Enterprise far surpass the challenges, so the VLE technologies are here to stay and the main stream adoption is expected. |
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Digital Rights Management |
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Digital Rights Management (DRM) is an umbrella term that refers to access control technologies used by publishers and copyright holders to limit usage of digital media or devices. It may also refer to restrictions associated with specific instances of digital works or devices. DRM overlaps with software copy protection to some extent; however the term "DRM" is usually applied to creative media (music, films, etc.) whereas the term "copy protection" tends to refer to copy protection mechanisms in computer software. |
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Digital rights management has and is being used by content provider companies such as Sony, Apple Inc., Microsoft and the BBC. |
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The use of digital rights management has been controversial. Advocates argue it is necessary for copyright holders to prevent unauthorized duplication of their work to ensure continued revenue streams. Opponents, such as the Free Software Foundation, maintain that the use of the word "rights" is misleading and suggest that people instead use the term digital restrictions management. Their position is essentially that copyright holders are attempting to restrict use of copyrighted material in ways not covered by existing laws. The Electronic Frontier Foundation, and other opponents, also consider DRM systems to be anti-competitive practices. |
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In practice, all widely-used DRM systems have been defeated or circumvented when deployed to enough customers. Protection of audio and visual material is especially difficult due to the existence of the analog hole, and there are even suggestions that effective DRM is logically impossible for this reason. |
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Intellectual property |
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Intellectual property (IP) is a legal field that refers to creations of the mind such as musical, literary, and artistic works; inventions; and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce, including copyrights, trademarks, patents, and related rights. Under intellectual property law, the holder of one of these abstract "properties" has certain exclusive rights to the creative work, commercial symbol, or invention which is covered by it. |
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Intellectual property is divided into two categories: Industrial property, which includes inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial designs, and geographic indications of source; and Copyright, which includes literary and artistic works such as novels, poems and plays, films, musical works, artistic works such as drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures, and architectural designs. Rights related to copyright include those of performing artists in their performances, producers of phonograms in their recordings, and those of broadcasters in their radio and television programs. |
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Intellectual property rights give creators exclusive rights to their creations, thereby providing an incentive for the author or inventor to develop and share the information rather than keep it secret. The legal protections granted by IP laws are credited with significant contributions toward economic growth. |
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From The Editors Desk |
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| Kayalvizhi |
| Email - kayal@mindlogicx.com |
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| Heartiest Greetings! |
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In this issue of Youniverse, we have presented an Article on “Virtual Learning“, which provides an overview of Virtual Learning Environments and discusses about their advantages and disadvantages for any educational enterprise.
Our regular section on Examinations informs you of the exams alert in the coming month. Section on Complex simplicities provides you an introducion to Digital Rights management & Intellectual Property. As usual, the Smile Please section will put you in a good humour.
We hope that you would find the information presented in this issue of Youniverse interesting and useful.
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We welcome your thought, views, comments & suggestions on the information given in this issue of Youniverse. |
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| Editor |
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Feedback |
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Please provide us with your feedback on how you feel about the Youniverse newsletter.You can also send us your queries on the VEDAS services. |
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