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By The Numbers |
CAT absorbs around 5000 candidates every year directly in top B-Schools while MAT absorbs approximately 30,000 candidates in around 250 schools.
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Exams alert |
| The Union Public Service Commission will hold the Combined Defense Services Examination (II), 2008 on 14th September, 2008 for admission to Indian Military Academy, Naval Academy and Air Force Academy for the Courses commencing in July, 2009 . |
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Thus Spake |
Education makes a person easy to lead, but difficult to drive; easy to govern, but impossible to enslave. |
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Did you know |
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Pearls melt in vinegar.
Frogs don’t drink (they absorb water through their skin).
An elephants ears are used to regulate body temperature.
Goldfish can see both infrared and ultraviolet light.
African Grey Parrots have vocabularies of over 200 words.
A group of frogs is called an army, a group of rhinos is called a crash, a group of kangaroos is called a mob, a group of whales is called a pod, a group of geese is called a gaggle, & a group of owls is called a parliament.
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Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) |
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Service-Oriented Architecture is a methodology for systems development and integration where functionality is grouped around business processes and packaged as interoperable services. SOA also describes IT infrastructure which allows different applications to exchange data with one another as they participate in business processes. The aim is a loose coupling of services with operating systems, programming languages and other technologies which underlie applications. SOA separates functions into distinct units, or services, which are made accessible over a network in order that they can be combined and reused in the production of business applications. These services communicate with each other by passing data from one service to another, or by coordinating an activity between two or more services. SOA concepts are often seen as built upon and evolving from older concepts of distributed computing and modular programming.
A service-oriented architecture can be defined as a group of services, which communicate with each other. |
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Smile Please..! |
The Police Man & the Groom |
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A police officer stopped a motorist who was speeding down Main Street. "But officer," the man began, "I can explain".
"Just be quiet," snapped the officer. "I'm going to let you cool your heels in jail until the chief gets back".
"But, officer, I just wanted to say,"
"And I said to keep quiet! You're going to jail!"
A few hours later the officer looked in on his prisoner and said, "Lucky for you that the chief's at his daughter's wedding... He'll be in a good mood when he gets back".
"Don't count on it," answered the fellow in the cell. "I'm the groom."
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Letter which is addressed to God
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A Post Office worker at the main sorting office finds an unstamped, poorly hand-written envelope addressed to God. He opens it and discovers it is from an elderly lady, distressed because some thief robbed her of 100 dollars. She will be cold and hungry for the rest of the month if she doesn't receive some divine intervention.
The worker organizes a collection amongst the other postal workers, who dig deep and come up with 96 dollars. They get it to her by special courier the same morning.
A week later, the same postal worker recognizes the same hand on another envelope. He opens it and reads: "Dear God, Thank you for the 100 dollars. This month would have been so bleak otherwise. P.S. It was four dollars short but that was probably those thieving people at the Post Office".
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Who’s That Dog?
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There was a hound dog laying in the yard and an old geezer in overalls was sitting on the porch.
''Excuse me, sir, but does your dog bite?'' a tourist asked. The old man looked up over his newspaper and replied, ''Nope.'' As soon as the tourist stepped out of his car, the dog began snarling and growling, and then attacked both his arms and legs. As the tourist flailed around in the dust, he yelled, ''I thought you said your dog didn't bite!
The old man muttered, ''This is not my dog".
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From The Editors Desk |
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Heartiest Greetings!
In this issue of Youniverse, we have presented an Article on “Service-Oriented Architecture“, which provides an introduction to this field.
Our regular section on Examinations informs you of the exams alert in the coming month. Section on Complex simplicities provides you an introducion to Portals, Enterprise Resource Planning & Customer Relationship Management.
More >>
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Complex Simplicities |
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Portal is a term, generally synonymous with gateway, for a World Wide Web site that is or proposes to be a major starting site for users when they get connected to the Web or that users tend to visit as an anchor site.
A number of large access providers offer portals to the Web for their own users. Most portals have adopted the content categories with a text-intensive, faster loading page that visitors will find easy to use and to return to. Companies with portal sites have attracted much stock market investor interest because portals are viewed as able to command large audiences and numbers of advertising viewers.
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Enterprise resource planning (ERP) |
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Enterprise resource planning is the planning of how business resources (materials, employees, customers etc.) are acquired and moved from one state to another.
An ERP system is a business support system that maintains in a single database the data needed for a variety of business functions such as Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management, Financials, Projects, Human Resources and Customer Relationship Management.
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Customer relationship management (CRM) |
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Customer relationship management is a term applied to processes implemented by a company to handle its contact with its customers. CRM software is used to support these processes, storing information on customers and prospective customers. Information in the system can be accessed and entered by employees in different departments, such as sales, marketing, customer service, training, professional development, performance management, human resource development, and compensation. Details on any customer contacts can also be stored in the system. The rationale behind this approach is to improve services provided directly to customers and to use the information in the system for targeted marketing and sales purposes.
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Did you know |
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Pearls melt in vinegar. |
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Frogs don’t drink (they absorb water through their skin). |
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An elephants ears are used to regulate body temperature. |
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Goldfish can see both infrared and ultraviolet light. |
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African Grey Parrots have vocabularies of over 200 words. |
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A group of frogs is called an army, a group of rhinos is called a crash, a group of kangaroos is called a mob, a group of whales is called a pod, a group of geese is called a gaggle, & a group of owls is called a parliament. |
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Tennis was originally played with bare hands. |
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Money notes are not made from paper, they are made mostly from a special blend of cotton and linen. In 1932, when a shortage of cash occurred in Tenino, Washington, USA, notes were made out of wood for a brief period. |
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Dubai is the fastest growing city in the world. No taxes on income and there are no personal taxes either. In Dubai Emirates Mall you can ski indoors while shopping, measuring 400 meters and using 6000 tons of snow. Burj Dubai will become the world's tallest building, along with the world's tallest man-made structure when it is completed. Eighty percent of Dubai residents are foreigners. |
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The' place value system' and the 'decimal system' were developed in 100 BC in India. |
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The game of snakes & ladders was created by the 13th century poet saint Gyandev. It was originally called 'Mokshapat' .The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices. |
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There is a seven letter word in the English language that contains ten words without rearranging any of its letters, "therein": the, there, he, in, rein, her, here, ere, therein, herein. |
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For thousands of years, humans have utilized the brute strength of African and Asian elephants for everything from war to transportation. An elephant's trunk alone contains around 100,000 muscles and can lift up to 600 pounds (270 kilograms). |
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The cheetah, holder of the animal kingdom's land speed record, can run at more than 60 miles an hour (96 kilometers an hour) and can reach its top speed in just three seconds. These champion sprinters rely on long, muscular legs to propel their lithe bodies. But cheetahs expend a tremendous amount of energy during a chase and can only run all out for about 900 feet (274 meters). |
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Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) |
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Service-Oriented Architecture is a methodology for systems development and integration where functionality is grouped around business processes and packaged as interoperable services. SOA also describes IT infrastructure which allows different applications to exchange data with one another as they participate in business processes. The aim is a loose coupling of services with operating systems, programming languages and other technologies which underlie applications. SOA separates functions into distinct units, or services, which are made accessible over a network in order that they can be combined and reused in the production of business applications. These services communicate with each other by passing data from one service to another, or by coordinating an activity between two or more services. SOA concepts are often seen as built upon and evolving from older concepts of distributed computing and modular programming.
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A service-oriented architecture can be defined as a group of services, which communicate with each other. The process of communication involves either simple data passing or it could involve two or more services coordinating some activity. Some means of connecting services to each other is needed. |
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Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a design framework for realizing rapid and low-cost system development and improving total system quality. SOA uses the Web services standards and technologies and is rapidly becoming a standard approach for enterprise information systems. |
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The goal of SOA is to allow fairly large chunks of functionality to be strung together to form ad hoc applications which are built almost entirely from existing software services. The larger the chunks, the fewer the interface points required implementing any given set of functionality; however, very large chunks of functionality may not be granular enough to be easily reused. Each interface brings with it some amount of processing overhead, so there is a performance consideration in choosing the granularity of services. |
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SOA services run in "safe" wrappers such as Java or .NET, and other programming languages that manage memory allocation and reclamation, allow ad hoc and late binding, and provide some degree of indeterminate data typing. SOA is an architecture that relies on service-orientation as its fundamental design principle. In a SOA environment, independent services can be accessed without knowledge of their underlying platform implementation. |
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SOA relies on services exposing their functionality via interfaces which other applications and services read to understand how the service can be utilized. |
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In order to efficiently use a SOA, one must meet the following requirements: |
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Interoperability between different systems and programming languages provides the basis for integration between applications on different platforms through a communication protocol. One example of such communication is based on the concept of messages. Using messages across defined message channels decreases the complexity of the end application thereby allowing the developer of the application to focus on true application functionality instead of the intricate needs of a communication protocol. |
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Desire to create a federation of resources. Establish and maintain data flow to a federated data warehouse. This allows new functionality developed to reference a common business format for each data element. |
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The following guiding principles define the ground rules for development, maintenance, and usage of the SOA: |
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Reuse, granularity, modularity, composability, componentization, Portability, and interoperability |
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Compliance to standards (both common and industry-specific) |
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Services identification and categorization, provisioning and delivery, and monitoring and tracking |
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| Web services approach |
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Web services can be used to implement a service-oriented architecture. A major focus of Web services is to make functional building blocks accessible over standard Internet protocols that are independent from platforms and programming languages. These services can be new applications or just wrapped around existing legacy systems to make them network-enabled. |
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A SOA is commonly built using Web services standards (e.g., using SOAP) that have gained broad industry acceptance. These standards (also referred to as Web Service specifications) also provide greater interoperability and some protection from lock-in to proprietary vendor software. One can, however, implement SOA using any service-based technology, such as Jini, CORBA or REST. |
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| SOA and Business Architecture |
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One area where SOA has been gaining ground is in its power as a mechanism for defining business services and operating models (e.g., Business-Agile Enterprise) and thus provides a structure for IT to deliver against the actual business requirements and adapt in a similar way to the business. The purpose of using SOA as a business mapping tool is to ensure that the services created properly represent the business view and are not just what technologists think the business services should be. |
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Within this area, SOMA (service-oriented modeling and architecture) was announced by IBM as the first publicly announced SOA-related methodology in 2004. Since then, efforts have been made to move towards greater standardization and the involvement of business objectives, particularly within the OASIS standards group and specifically the SOA Adoption Blueprints group. All of these approaches take a fundamentally structured approach to SOA, focusing more on the Services and Architecture elements and leaving implementation to the more technically focused standards. Another pertinent example is SAP Enterprise Services Architecture, which is focused on a strict governance process and the use of semantics to improve the usefulness of services in business process innovation. |
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Benefits of SOA |
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Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural approach (or style) for constructing complex software-intensive systems from a set of universally interconnected and interdependent building blocks. SOA realizes its business and IT benefits through utilizing an analysis and design methodology when creating services that ensures they are consistent with the architectural vision & roadmap and adhere to principles of service-orientation. |
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Enterprise architects believe that SOA can help businesses respond more quickly and cost-effectively to changing market conditions. This style of architecture promotes reuse at the macro (service) level rather than micro (classes) level. It can also simplify interconnection to - and usage of - existing IT (legacy) assets. |
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In some respects, SOA can be considered an architectural evolution rather than a revolution and captures many of the best practices of previous software architectures. SOA is an architectural and design discipline conceived to achieve the goals of increased interoperability (information exchange, reusability, and composability), increased federation (uniting resources & apps while maintaining their individual autonomy & self-governance), and increased business & technology domain alignment. |
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Portals |
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Portal is a term, generally synonymous with gateway, for a World Wide Web site that is or proposes to be a major starting site for users when they get connected to the Web or that users tend to visit as an anchor site. |
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A number of large access providers offer portals to the Web for their own users. Most portals have adopted the content categories with a text-intensive, faster loading page that visitors will find easy to use and to return to. Companies with portal sites have attracted much stock market investor interest because portals are viewed as able to command large audiences and numbers of advertising viewers. |
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There are general portals and specialized or niche portals. Some major general portals include Yahoo, Excite, Netscape, Lycos, CNET, Microsoft Network, and America Online's AOL.com. Examples of niche portals include Garden.com (for gardeners), Fool.com (for investors), and SearchNetworking.com (for network administrators). Typical services offered by portal sites include a directory of Web sites, a facility to search for other sites, news, weather information, e-mail, stock quotes, phone and map information, and sometimes a community forum. |
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Enterprise resource planning (ERP) |
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Enterprise resource planning is the planning of how business resources (materials, employees, customers etc.) are acquired and moved from one state to another. |
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An ERP system is a business support system that maintains in a single database the data needed for a variety of business functions such as Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management, Financials, Projects, Human Resources and Customer Relationship Management. |
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An ERP system is based on a common database and a modular software design. The common database can allow every department of a business to store and retrieve information in real-time. The information should be reliable, accessible, and easily shared. Ideally, the data for the various business functions are integrated. In practice the ERP system may comprise a set of discrete applications, each maintaining a discrete data store within one physical database. |
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Customer relationship management (CRM) |
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Customer relationship management is a term applied to processes implemented by a company to handle its contact with its customers. CRM software is used to support these processes, storing information on customers and prospective customers. Information in the system can be accessed and entered by employees in different departments, such as sales, marketing, customer service, training, professional development, performance management, human resource development, and compensation. Details on any customer contacts can also be stored in the system. The rationale behind this approach is to improve services provided directly to customers and to use the information in the system for targeted marketing and sales purposes. |
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While the term is generally used to refer to a software-based approach to handling customer relationships, most CRM software vendors stress that a successful CRM strategy requires a holistic approach. |
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Information gained through CRM initiatives can support the development of marketing strategy by developing the organization's knowledge in areas such as identifying customer segments, improving customer retention, improving product offerings (by better understanding customer needs), and by identifying the organization's most profitable customers. |
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From The Editors Desk |
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| Kayalvizhi |
| Email - kayal@mindlogicx.com |
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| Heartiest Greetings! |
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In this issue of Youniverse, we have presented an Article on "Service-Oriented Architecture", which provides an introduction to this field.
Our regular section on Examinations informs you of the exams alert in the coming month. Section on Complex simplicities provides you an introducion to Portals, Enterprise Resource Planning & Customer Relationship Management.
We hope that you would find the information presented in this issue of Youniverse interesting and useful. |
We welcome your thought, views, comments & suggestions on the information given in this issue of Youniverse. |
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| Editor |
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Feedback |
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Please provide us with your feedback on how you feel about the Youniverse newsletter.You can also send us your queries on the VEDAS services. |
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